Drug Pronunciation Videos

Dyazide and Maxzide are commonly used (both are a combination of Triamterene and HCTZ). Care must be taken to not allow the patient to become ideas for substance abuse groups hyperkalemic. A HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (“statin”). The most potent LDLc lowering drug of its class. It is metabolized mainly via the kidneys, but there is also some CYP 3A4 hepatic metabolism as well.

A P2Y12 receptor antagonist in the class of Thienopyridines (see Clopidigrel). The drug is less frequently used due to its greater propensity to cause adverse events (blood dyscrasias, especially neutropenia, and GI issues). Fluvastatin is the least potent of the statins, lowering LDLc by less than 30%. Like most of the other statins, it is metabolized via CYP 450 system in the liver. However, Fluvastatin is an inhibitor of 2C9 and not a substrate of 3A4. The major side effect of concern is rhabdomyolosis, but is more common when combined with fibrate drugs (see Atorvastatin).

Warfarin is the only anticoagulant available PO. drinking and shrooms It irreversibly inhibits vitamin K dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X), as well as protein C and S (the body’s endogenous vitamin K dependent anticoagulants). The drug is cleared hepatically via CYP2C9 and its half life is the length of the vitamin K dependent factors (the longest being factor II with a half life of 60 hours). Due to the inactivation of protein C and S, warfarin therapy must be initiated concomitantly with heparin, to combat the initial hypercoaguable state. Warfarin therapy is monitored via the patients INR. The drug is notorious for drug interactions due to its narrow therapeutic window.

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This is the 1st line class of therapy for dyslipidemia that requires lowering of LDLc. Atorvastatin is the second most potent statin, lowering LDL by approximently 50%. It is eliminated via CYP 3A4 resulting in the possibility for drug interactions. Little effects on lowering triglycerides or raising HDL and should not be prescribed if these are the primary therapeutic goals. Most important side effect is rhabdomyolosis, which usually presents as chest/upper body muscle aches. Drug should be Discontinued if this occurs.

It is hydrolyzed by renal dehydropeptidase (DHP-I) and is thus combined with a DHP-I inhibitor, Cilistatin. Cardioselective β-adrenergic antagonist. Less frequently used due to its lipophilic nature, thus a greater propensity of CNS effects. FDA indicated for angina, arrythmias and hypertension. Welcome to our free Drug Pronunciation Videos to support Memorizing Pharmacology a Relaxed Approach.

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Other drugs that are CYP2C9 inducers or inhibitors interact with warfarin, as well as foods that contain vitamin K (such as green, leafy vegetables). Patients should be instructed to watch for bleeding/bruising while on warfarin, especially on the torso. Sympathomimetic ionotrope, stimulating both α and β receptors.

1. Unlike Atenolol, Metoprolol is lipophilic.
2. Cholestyramine is available in a powder that is often mixed with orange juice.
3. Indicated for Ventricular Tachycardia (V-tach) and is available only orally.

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It is used as its sodium or potassium salt in parentral preparations, or as long acting IM injections as the procaine salt or benzathine salt. A penicillin that shows ß-lactamase resistance and is acid stable, thus used in oral preparations. Imipenem is a very efficient agent with the broadest spectrum of any antibiotic available in the United States, and is reserved for serious infections.

Though it is a diuretic, it is not used for hypertension or chronic edema. Non dihydropyridine CCB (as well as class IV antiarrythmic). Indicated for HTN, angina and how to flush alcohol from urine AV node arrythmias (such as SVT). The drugs in this class are negative inotropes and can worsen CHF. However, Diltiazem is preferred over Verapamil and can be cautiously used in HF due to the fact it causes less AV node blockage and less decreased contractility than verapamil. Constipation is a common side effect, but is less severe than with Verapamil.

The best way to manage this is to reinstitute clonidine or give a mixed α/β blocker such as labetolol. Clonidine is available in patches and is usually prescribed this way. Bile acid sequesterant (BAS), representative of its class. This is an older generation of cholesterol lowering drugs, which bind up bile salts in the GI tract and cause their excretion, thus blocking the absorption of cholesterol. They are not frequently prescribed and were much more popular before the statins were available. The class as a whole moderately lowers LDL and may have some positive effects on HDL.